(security) golang: bump Go version to 1.24.13-1

[bot-for-go]

Hi! 👋 I'm the Microsoft team's bot. This is an automated pull request I generated to bump the Go version to 1.24.13-1.

This update contains security fixes.

I'm not able to run the Azure Linux pipelines yet, so the Microsoft release runner will need to finalize this PR. @dagood

Finalization steps:

• Trigger Source Tarball Publishing with:
  Full Name:

  go1.24.13-20260204.5.src.tar.gz
  

  URL:

  https://github.com/microsoft/go/releases/download/v1.24.13-1/go1.24.13-20260204.5.src.tar.gz
  

• Trigger the Buddy Build with:
  First field:

  PR-15728
  

  Core spec:

  golang-1.24
  

• Post a PR comment with the URL of the triggered Buddy Build.
• Mark this draft PR as ready for review.

Thanks!

[dagood]

Buddy build: https://dev.azure.com/mariner-org/mariner/_build/results?buildId=1043748&view=results