Convert all remaining type annotations into the modern format

[zsol]

Description

Same as #5206 but for the scripts/ and tests/ folder (plus there was one additional place in sentry_sdk that snuck in).

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 84.15%. Comparing base (2ce4379) to head (4ccd7d2).
⚠️ Report is 24 commits behind head on master.
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #5239      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   84.25%   84.15%   -0.11%     
==========================================
  Files         181      182       +1     
  Lines       18463    18615     +152     
  Branches     3288     3318      +30     
==========================================
+ Hits        15556    15665     +109     
- Misses       1894     1931      +37     
- Partials     1013     1019       +6     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
sentry_sdk/integrations/mcp.py	79.47% <100.00%> (-3.64%)	⬇️

... and 15 files with indirect coverage changes

[alexander-alderman-webb]

Thanks for the PR @zsol, it's nice to have one approach to typing in the repo!

We don't actually type check scripts/ or tests/ at the moment, but that's a problem for the future.