Add links to Deprecated / Retired badges on README

[Marcono1234]

Description

Currently there is no link in the README, which means you have to manually search the corresponding GitHub issue.

Related issue:

• The Windows 2019 Actions runner image will begin deprecation on 2025-06-01 and will be fully unsupported by 2025-06-30 #12045
• [macOS] The macOS 13 Ventura based runner images will begin deprecation on September 22nd and will be fully unsupported by December 4th for GitHub and ADO #13046
• Windows Server 2019 is retired, not deprecated #12955
  (which is why I did not change Windows Server 2019 from "Deprecated" to "Retired" because apparently on Azure it is still available?)
• Post macos 13 deprecation to readmes #13413
  (this might be a general issue, that those image READMEs for some reason don't link to the deprecation issues)

Check list

• Related issue / work item is attached
• Tests are written (if applicable)
• Documentation is updated (if applicable)
• Changes are tested and related VM images are successfully generated

[alexbal51]

• Windows Server 2019 is retired, not deprecated #12955
  (which is why I did not change Windows Server 2019 from "Deprecated" to "Retired" because apparently on Azure it is still available?)

Until 31 december 2025