feat: implement query static analysis

[YoEight]

Summary

This PR adds static analysis and type checking capabilities to the EventQL parser. Queries can now be validated for type correctness and variable scoping before execution, catching errors at parse-time rather than runtime.

Key Features

Static Analysis Engine

• Type Checking: Validates that expressions use correct types (numbers, strings, booleans, records, arrays)
• Variable Scoping: Ensures all variables are properly declared and in scope
• Field Access Validation: Verifies that record field accesses are valid for their types
• Function Call Validation: Checks that function calls have correct argument types

Type System

• Introduced Typed marker type to distinguish analyzed queries from raw queries at compile-time
• Query<Raw>: Parsed but untyped queries
• Query<Typed>: Type-checked queries with validated scopes and type information
• Provides compile-time guarantees about query type safety

Built-in Functions

The default scope includes type signatures for:

• Math functions: ABS, CEIL, FLOOR, ROUND, COS, EXP, POW, SQRT, RAND, PI
• String functions: LOWER, UPPER, TRIM, LTRIM, RTRIM, LEN, INSTR, SUBSTRING, REPLACE, STARTSWITH, ENDSWITH
• Date/time functions: NOW, YEAR, MONTH, DAY, HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND, WEEKDAY
• Aggregate functions: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, MEDIAN, STDDEV, VARIANCE, UNIQUE
• Control flow: IF

Implementation Details

• Scope Management: Implements hierarchical scoping with enter/exit scope tracking
• Type Inference: Supports gradual typing with Type::Unspecified for dynamic data fields
• Bidirectional Type Checking: Uses expected types to guide inference in ambiguous cases
• Dynamic Field Handling: Special handling for the data field to support flexible JSON payloads