Make CMOR tables configurable through new configuration system

[bouweandela]

Description

Closes #2918

Link to documentation:

Deprecated features

• config-developer.yml and the configuration setting config_developer_file

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 86.33880% with 25 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 95.55%. Comparing base (f3cbe78) to head (aaaeb9e).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
esmvalcore/cmor/table.py	85.02%	25 Missing ⚠️

❌ Your patch check has failed because the patch coverage (86.33%) is below the target coverage (100.00%). You can increase the patch coverage or adjust the target coverage.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2946      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   95.62%   95.55%   -0.07%     
==========================================
  Files         266      266              
  Lines       15601    15648      +47     
==========================================
+ Hits        14918    14953      +35     
- Misses        683      695      +12     

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[schlunma]

Hello, this pull request has been marked with the v2.14.0 milestone. The release of version 2.14.0 is currently scheduled for February 2026. To get this into the new release, it would be great to get this merged by the end of January.

If you won't be able to finish this in time, don't worry - just unassign the milestone v2.14.0. If you need any support, ping myself (@schlunma; the release manager for v2.14.0) or the @ESMValGroup/technical-lead-development-team. Please note that I won't be available until the beginning of February, though.