feat: add stats/nanrange-by

PR-URL: #9006
Co-authored-by: Athan Reines <kgryte@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Athan Reines <kgryte@gmail.com>

Author: Orthodox-64

lib/node_modules/@stdlib/stats/nanrange-by/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+<!--
+
+@license Apache-2.0
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 The Stdlib Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+
+-->
+
+# nanrangeBy
+
+> Compute the [**range**][range] along one or more [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] dimensions according to a callback function, ignoring `NaN` values.
+
+<section class="intro">
+
+The [**range**][range] is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values.
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.intro -->
+
+<section class="usage">
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var nanrangeBy = require( '@stdlib/stats/nanrange-by' );
+```
+
+#### nanrangeBy( x\[, options], clbk\[, thisArg] )
+
+Computes the [**range**][range] along one or more [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] dimensions according to a callback function, ignoring `NaN` values.
+
+```javascript
+var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+
+var x = array( [ -1.0, 2.0, NaN ] );
+
+function clbk( v ) {
+    return v * 2.0;
+}
+
+var y = nanrangeBy( x, clbk );
+// returns <ndarray>[ 6.0 ]
+```
+
+The function has the following parameters:
+
+-   **x**: input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor].
+-   **options**: function options (_optional_).
+-   **clbk**: callback function.
+-   **thisArg**: callback function execution context (_optional_).
+
+The invoked callback is provided three arguments:
+
+-   **value**: current array element.
+-   **index**: current array element index.
+-   **array**: input ndarray.
+
+To set the callback execution context, provide a `thisArg`.
+
+<!-- eslint-disable no-invalid-this -->
+
+```javascript
+var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+
+var x = array( [ -1.0, 2.0, NaN ] );
+
+function clbk( v ) {
+    this.count += 1;
+    return v * 2.0;
+}
+
+var ctx = {
+    'count': 0
+};
+var y = nanrangeBy( x, clbk, ctx );
+// returns <ndarray>[ 6.0 ]
+
+var count = ctx.count;
+// returns 3
+```
+
+The function accepts the following options:
+
+-   **dims**: list of dimensions over which to perform a reduction. If not provided, the function performs a reduction over all elements in a provided input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor].
+-   **dtype**: output ndarray [data type][@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes]. Must be a real-valued or "generic" [data type][@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes].
+-   **keepdims**: boolean indicating whether the reduced dimensions should be included in the returned [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] as singleton dimensions. Default: `false`.
+
+By default, the function performs a reduction over all elements in a provided input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]. To perform a reduction over specific dimensions, provide a `dims` option.
+
+```javascript
+var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+
+function clbk( v ) {
+    return v * 100.0;
+}
+
+var x = array( [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 4.0 ], {
+    'shape': [ 2, 2 ],
+    'order': 'row-major'
+});
+// returns <ndarray>[ [ -1.0, 2.0 ], [ -3.0, 4.0 ] ]
+
+var opts = {
+    'dims': [ 0 ]
+};
+var y = nanrangeBy( x, opts, clbk );
+// returns <ndarray>[ 200.0, 200.0 ]
+
+opts = {
+    'dims': [ 1 ]
+};
+y = nanrangeBy( x, opts, clbk );
+// returns <ndarray>[ 300.0, 700.0 ]
+
+opts = {
+    'dims': [ 0, 1 ]
+};
+y = nanrangeBy( x, opts, clbk );
+// returns <ndarray>[ 700.0 ]
+```
+
+By default, the function excludes reduced dimensions from the output [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]. To include the reduced dimensions as singleton dimensions, set the `keepdims` option to `true`.
+
+```javascript
+var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+
+function clbk( v ) {
+    return v * 100.0;
+}
+
+var x = array( [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0, 4.0 ], {
+    'shape': [ 2, 2 ],
+    'order': 'row-major'
+});
+// returns <ndarray>[ [ -1.0, 2.0 ], [ -3.0, 4.0 ] ]
+
+var opts = {
+    'dims': [ 0 ],
+    'keepdims': true
+};
+var y = nanrangeBy( x, opts, clbk );
+// returns <ndarray>[ [ 200.0, 200.0 ] ]
+
+opts = {
+    'dims': [ 1 ],
+    'keepdims': true
+};
+y = nanrangeBy( x, opts, clbk );
+// returns <ndarray>[ [ 300.0 ], [ 700.0 ] ]
+
+opts = {
+    'dims': [ 0, 1 ],
+    'keepdims': true
+};
+y = nanrangeBy( x, opts, clbk );
+// returns <ndarray>[ [ 700.0 ] ]
+```
+
+By default, the function returns an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] having a [data type][@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes] determined by the function's output data type [policy][@stdlib/ndarray/output-dtype-policies]. To override the default behavior, set the `dtype` option.
+
+```javascript
+var getDType = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/dtype' );
+var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+
+function clbk( v ) {
+    return v * 100.0;
+}
+
+var x = array( [ -1.0, 2.0, -3.0 ], {
+    'dtype': 'generic'
+});
+
+var opts = {
+    'dtype': 'float64'
+};
+var y = nanrangeBy( x, opts, clbk );
+// returns <ndarray>[ 500.0 ]
+
+var dt = String( getDType( y ) );
+// returns 'float64'
+```
+
+#### nanrangeBy.assign( x, out\[, options], clbk\[, thisArg] )
+
+Computes the [**range**][range] along one or more [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] dimensions according to a callback function, ignoring `NaN` values, and assigns results to a provided output [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor].
+
+```javascript
+var array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/array' );
+var zeros = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/zeros' );
+
+function clbk( v ) {
+    return v * 100.0;
+}
+
+var x = array( [ -1.0, 2.0, NaN ] );
+var y = zeros( [] );
+
+var out = nanrangeBy.assign( x, y, clbk );
+// returns <ndarray>[ 300.0 ]
+
+var bool = ( out === y );
+// returns true
+```
+
+The method has the following parameters:
+
+-   **x**: input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor].
+-   **out**: output [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor].
+-   **options**: function options (_optional_).
+-   **clbk**: callback function.
+-   **thisArg**: callback execution context (_optional_).
+
+The method accepts the following options:
+
+-   **dims**: list of dimensions over which to perform a reduction. If not provided, the function performs a reduction over all elements in a provided input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor].
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.usage -->
+
+<section class="notes">
+
+## Notes
+
+-   A provided callback function should return a numeric value.
+-   If a provided callback function returns `NaN`, the value is ignored.
+-   If a provided callback function does not return any value (or equivalently, explicitly returns `undefined`), the value is **ignored**.
+-   Setting the `keepdims` option to `true` can be useful when wanting to ensure that the output [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] is [broadcast-compatible][@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes] with ndarrays having the same shape as the input [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor].
+-   The output data type [policy][@stdlib/ndarray/output-dtype-policies] only applies to the main function and specifies that, by default, the function must return an [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] having a real-valued or "generic" [data type][@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes]. For the `assign` method, the output [ndarray][@stdlib/ndarray/ctor] is allowed to have any supported output [data type][@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes].
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.notes -->
+
+<section class="examples">
+
+## Examples
+
+<!-- eslint no-undef: "error" -->
+
+```javascript
+var filledarrayBy = require( '@stdlib/array/filled-by' );
+var discreteUniform = require( '@stdlib/random/base/discrete-uniform' );
+var getDType = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/dtype' );
+var ndarray2array = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/to-array' );
+var ndarray = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/ctor' );
+var nanrangeBy = require( '@stdlib/stats/nanrange-by' );
+
+// Define a function for generating an object having a random value:
+function random() {
+    return {
+        'value': discreteUniform( 0, 20 )
+    };
+}
+
+// Generate an array of random objects:
+var xbuf = filledarrayBy( 25, 'generic', random );
+
+// Wrap in an ndarray:
+var x = new ndarray( 'generic', xbuf, [ 5, 5 ], [ 5, 1 ], 0, 'row-major' );
+console.log( ndarray2array( x ) );
+
+// Define an accessor function:
+function accessor( v ) {
+    return v.value * 100;
+}
+
+// Perform a reduction:
+var opts = {
+    'dims': [ 0 ]
+};
+var y = nanrangeBy( x, opts, accessor );
+
+// Resolve the output array data type:
+var dt = getDType( y );
+console.log( dt );
+
+// Print the results:
+console.log( ndarray2array( y ) );
+```
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.examples -->
+
+<!-- Section for related `stdlib` packages. Do not manually edit this section, as it is automatically populated. -->
+
+<section class="related">
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.related -->
+
+<!-- Section for all links. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. -->
+
+<section class="links">
+
+[range]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_%28statistics%29
+
+[@stdlib/ndarray/ctor]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/ndarray/ctor
+
+[@stdlib/ndarray/dtypes]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/ndarray/dtypes
+
+[@stdlib/ndarray/output-dtype-policies]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/ndarray/output-dtype-policies
+
+[@stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/ndarray/base/broadcast-shapes
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.links -->