Backport PR #39023: Fix regression in setitem when expanding DataFrame with specific column name format (#39032)

Co-authored-by: patrick <61934744+phofl@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: meeseeksmachine

doc/source/whatsnew/v1.2.1.rst

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Fixed regressions
 - Fixed regression in repr of float-like strings of an ``object`` dtype having trailing 0's truncated after the decimal (:issue:`38708`)
 - Fixed regression in :meth:`DataFrame.groupby()` with :class:`Categorical` grouping column not showing unused categories for ``grouped.indices`` (:issue:`38642`)
 - Fixed regression in :meth:`DataFrame.any` and :meth:`DataFrame.all` not returning a result for tz-aware ``datetime64`` columns (:issue:`38723`)
+- Fixed regression in :meth:`DataFrame.__setitem__` raising ``ValueError`` when expanding :class:`DataFrame` and new column is from type ``"0 - name"`` (:issue:`39010`)
 - Fixed regression in :meth:`.GroupBy.sem` where the presence of non-numeric columns would cause an error instead of being dropped (:issue:`38774`)
 - Fixed regression in :func:`read_excel` with non-rawbyte file handles (:issue:`38788`)
 - Bug in :meth:`read_csv` with ``float_precision="high"`` caused segfault or wrong parsing of long exponent strings. This resulted in a regression in some cases as the default for ``float_precision`` was changed in pandas 1.2.0 (:issue:`38753`)

pandas/core/dtypes/common.py

@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ def is_bool_dtype(arr_or_dtype) -> bool:
         return False
     try:
         dtype = get_dtype(arr_or_dtype)
-    except TypeError:
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
         return False
 
     if isinstance(arr_or_dtype, CategoricalDtype):

pandas/tests/dtypes/test_common.py

@@ -557,6 +557,11 @@ def test_is_bool_dtype():
     assert com.is_bool_dtype("boolean")
 
 
+def test_is_bool_dtype_numpy_error():
+    # GH39010
+    assert not com.is_bool_dtype("0 - Name")
+
+
 @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:'is_extension_type' is deprecated:FutureWarning")
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "check_scipy", [False, pytest.param(True, marks=td.skip_if_no_scipy)]

pandas/tests/frame/indexing/test_setitem.py

@@ -356,6 +356,13 @@ def test_setitem_listlike_views(self):
         expected = Series([100, 2, 3], name="a")
         tm.assert_series_equal(ser, expected)
 
+    def test_setitem_string_column_numpy_dtype_raising(self):
+        # GH#39010
+        df = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+        df["0 - Name"] = [5, 6]
+        expected = DataFrame([[1, 2, 5], [3, 4, 6]], columns=[0, 1, "0 - Name"])
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
+
 
 class TestDataFrameSetItemSlicing:
     def test_setitem_slice_position(self):