diff --git a/src/client/conn.rs b/src/client/conn.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61ffe63b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/client/conn.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+//! Tower layers and services for HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 client connections.
+//!
+//! This module provides Tower-compatible layers that wrap Hyper's low-level
+//! HTTP client connection types, making them easier to compose with other
+//! middleware and connection pooling strategies.
+
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::pin::Pin;
+use std::task::{Context, Poll};
+
+use http::{Request, Response};
+use tower_service::Service;
+
+use crate::common::future::poll_fn;
+
+type BoxError = Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>;
+
+/// A Tower [`Layer`](tower_layer::Layer) for creating HTTP/1 client connections.
+///
+/// This layer wraps a connection service (typically a TCP or TLS connector) and
+/// performs the HTTP/1 handshake, producing an [`Http1ClientService`] that can
+/// send requests.
+///
+/// Use [`http1()`] to create a layer with default settings, or construct from
+/// a [`hyper::client::conn::http1::Builder`] for custom configuration.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```ignore
+/// use hyper_util::client::conn::http1;
+/// use hyper::{client::connect::HttpConnector, body::Bytes};
+/// use tower:: ServiceBuilder;
+/// use http_body_util::Empty;
+///
+/// let connector = HttpConnector::new();
+/// let layer: Http1Layer<Empty<Bytes>> = http1();
+/// let client = ServiceBuilder::new()
+///     .layer(layer)
+///     .service(connector);
+/// ```
+#[cfg(feature = "http1")]
+pub struct Http1Layer<B> {
+    builder: hyper::client::conn::http1::Builder,
+    _body: PhantomData<fn(B)>,
+}
+
+/// Creates an [`Http1Layer`] with default HTTP/1 settings.
+///
+/// For custom settings, construct an [`Http1Layer`] from a
+/// [`hyper::client::conn::http1::Builder`] using `.into()`.
+#[cfg(feature = "http1")]
+pub fn http1<B>() -> Http1Layer<B> {
+    Http1Layer {
+        builder: hyper::client::conn::http1::Builder::new(),
+        _body: PhantomData,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http1")]
+impl<M, B> tower_layer::Layer<M> for Http1Layer<B> {
+    type Service = Http1Connect<M, B>;
+    fn layer(&self, inner: M) -> Self::Service {
+        Http1Connect {
+            inner,
+            builder: self.builder.clone(),
+            _body: self._body,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http1")]
+impl<B> Clone for Http1Layer<B> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            builder: self.builder.clone(),
+            _body: self._body.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http1")]
+impl<B> From<hyper::client::conn::http1::Builder> for Http1Layer<B> {
+    fn from(builder: hyper::client::conn::http1::Builder) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            builder,
+            _body: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Tower [`Service`] that establishes HTTP/1 connections.
+///
+/// This service wraps an underlying connection service (e.g., TCP or TLS) and
+/// performs the HTTP/1 handshake when called. The resulting service can be used
+/// to send HTTP requests over the established connection.
+#[cfg(feature = "http1")]
+pub struct Http1Connect<M, B> {
+    inner: M,
+    builder: hyper::client::conn::http1::Builder,
+    _body: PhantomData<fn(B)>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http1")]
+impl<M, Dst, B> Service<Dst> for Http1Connect<M, B>
+where
+    M: Service<Dst>,
+    M::Future: Send + 'static,
+    M::Response: hyper::rt::Read + hyper::rt::Write + Unpin + Send + 'static,
+    M::Error: Into<BoxError>,
+    B: hyper::body::Body + Send + 'static,
+    B::Data: Send + 'static,
+    B::Error: Into<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>,
+{
+    type Response = Http1ClientService<B>;
+    type Error = BoxError;
+    type Future = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Self::Response, Self::Error>> + Send>>;
+
+    fn poll_ready(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
+        self.inner.poll_ready(cx).map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    fn call(&mut self, dst: Dst) -> Self::Future {
+        let fut = self.inner.call(dst);
+        let builder = self.builder.clone();
+        Box::pin(async move {
+            let io = fut.await.map_err(Into::into)?;
+            let (mut tx, conn) = builder.handshake(io).await?;
+            //todo: pass in Executor
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                if let Err(e) = conn.await {
+                    eprintln!("connection error: {:?}", e);
+                }
+            });
+            // todo: wait for ready? or factor out to other middleware?
+            poll_fn(|cx| tx.poll_ready(cx)).await?;
+
+            Ok(Http1ClientService::new(tx))
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http1")]
+impl<M: Clone, B> Clone for Http1Connect<M, B> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: self.inner.clone(),
+            builder: self.builder.clone(),
+            _body: self._body.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Tower [`Layer`](tower_layer::Layer) for creating HTTP/2 client connections.
+///
+/// This layer wraps a connection service (typically a TCP or TLS connector) and
+/// performs the HTTP/2 handshake, producing an [`Http2ClientService`] that can
+/// send requests.
+///
+/// Use [`http2()`] to create a layer with a specific executor, or construct from
+/// a [`hyper::client::conn::http2::Builder`] for custom configuration.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```ignore
+/// use hyper_util::client::conn::http2;
+/// use hyper::{client::connect::HttpConnector, body::Bytes};
+/// use tower:: ServiceBuilder;
+/// use http_body_util::Empty;
+///
+/// let connector = HttpConnector::new();
+/// let layer: Http2Layer<Empty<Bytes>> = http2();
+/// let client = ServiceBuilder::new()
+///     .layer(layer)
+///     .service(connector);
+/// ```
+#[cfg(feature = "http2")]
+pub struct Http2Layer<B, E> {
+    builder: hyper::client::conn::http2::Builder<E>,
+    _body: PhantomData<fn(B)>,
+}
+
+/// Creates an [`Http2Layer`] with default HTTP/1 settings.
+///
+/// For custom settings, construct an [`Http2Layer`] from a
+/// [`hyper::client::conn::http2::Builder`] using `.into()`.
+#[cfg(feature = "http2")]
+pub fn http2<B, E>(executor: E) -> Http2Layer<B, E>
+where
+    E: Clone,
+{
+    Http2Layer {
+        builder: hyper::client::conn::http2::Builder::new(executor),
+        _body: PhantomData,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http2")]
+impl<M, B, E> tower_layer::Layer<M> for Http2Layer<B, E>
+where
+    E: Clone,
+{
+    type Service = Http2Connect<M, B, E>;
+    fn layer(&self, inner: M) -> Self::Service {
+        Http2Connect {
+            inner,
+            builder: hyper::client::conn::http2::Builder::new(crate::rt::TokioExecutor::new()),
+            _body: self._body,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http2")]
+impl<B, E: Clone> Clone for Http2Layer<B, E> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            builder: self.builder.clone(),
+            _body: self._body.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http2")]
+impl<B, E> From<hyper::client::conn::http2::Builder<E>> for Http2Layer<B, E> {
+    fn from(builder: hyper::client::conn::http2::Builder<E>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            builder,
+            _body: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Tower [`Service`] that establishes HTTP/2 connections.
+///
+/// This service wraps an underlying connection service (e.g., TCP or TLS) and
+/// performs the HTTP/2 handshake when called.  The resulting service can be used
+/// to send HTTP requests over the established connection.
+#[cfg(feature = "http2")]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Http2Connect<M, B, E> {
+    inner: M,
+    builder: hyper::client::conn::http2::Builder<E>,
+    _body: PhantomData<fn(B)>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http2")]
+impl<M, Dst, B, E> Service<Dst> for Http2Connect<M, B, E>
+where
+    M: Service<Dst>,
+    M::Future: Send + 'static,
+    M::Response: hyper::rt::Read + hyper::rt::Write + Unpin + Send + 'static,
+    M::Error: Into<BoxError>,
+    B: hyper::body::Body + Unpin + Send + 'static,
+    B::Data: Send + 'static,
+    B::Error: Into<BoxError>,
+    E: hyper::rt::bounds::Http2ClientConnExec<B, M::Response> + Unpin + Clone + Send + 'static,
+{
+    type Response = Http2ClientService<B>;
+    type Error = BoxError;
+    type Future = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Self::Response, Self::Error>> + Send>>;
+
+    fn poll_ready(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
+        self.inner.poll_ready(cx).map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    fn call(&mut self, dst: Dst) -> Self::Future {
+        let fut = self.inner.call(dst);
+        let builder = self.builder.clone();
+        Box::pin(async move {
+            let io = fut.await.map_err(Into::into)?;
+            let (mut tx, conn) = builder.handshake(io).await?;
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                if let Err(e) = conn.await {
+                    eprintln!("connection error: {:?}", e);
+                }
+            });
+
+            // todo: wait for ready? or factor out to other middleware?
+            poll_fn(|cx| tx.poll_ready(cx)).await?;
+            Ok(Http2ClientService::new(tx))
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http2")]
+impl<M: Clone, B, E: Clone> Clone for Http2Connect<M, B, E> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: self.inner.clone(),
+            builder: self.builder.clone(),
+            _body: self._body.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Tower [`Service`] that sends HTTP/1 requests over an established connection.
+///
+/// This is a thin wrapper around [`hyper::client::conn::http1::SendRequest`] that implements
+/// the Tower `Service` trait, making it composable with other Tower middleware.
+///
+/// The service maintains a single HTTP/1 connection and can be used to send multiple
+/// sequential requests.  For concurrent requests or connection pooling, wrap this service
+/// with appropriate middleware.
+#[cfg(feature = "http1")]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Http1ClientService<B> {
+    tx: hyper::client::conn::http1::SendRequest<B>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http1")]
+impl<B> Http1ClientService<B> {
+    /// Constructs a new HTTP/1 client service from a Hyper `SendRequest`.
+    ///
+    /// Typically you won't call this directly; instead, use [`Http1Connect`] to
+    /// establish connections and produce this service.
+    pub fn new(tx: hyper::client::conn::http1::SendRequest<B>) -> Self {
+        Self { tx }
+    }
+
+    /// Checks if the connection side has been closed.
+    pub fn is_closed(&self) -> bool {
+        self.tx.is_closed()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http1")]
+impl<B> Service<Request<B>> for Http1ClientService<B>
+where
+    B: hyper::body::Body + Send + 'static,
+{
+    type Response = Response<hyper::body::Incoming>;
+    type Error = hyper::Error;
+    type Future = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Self::Response, Self::Error>> + Send>>;
+
+    fn poll_ready(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
+        self.tx.poll_ready(cx)
+    }
+
+    fn call(&mut self, req: Request<B>) -> Self::Future {
+        let fut = self.tx.send_request(req);
+        Box::pin(fut)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Tower [`Service`] that sends HTTP/2 requests over an established connection.
+///
+/// This is a thin wrapper around [`hyper::client::conn::http2::SendRequest`] that implements
+/// the Tower `Service` trait, making it composable with other Tower middleware.
+///
+/// The service maintains a single HTTP/2 connection and supports multiplexing multiple
+/// concurrent requests over that connection. The service can be cloned to send requests
+/// concurrently, or used with the [`Singleton`](crate::client::pool::singleton::Singleton) pool service.
+#[cfg(feature = "http2")]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Http2ClientService<B> {
+    tx: hyper::client::conn::http2::SendRequest<B>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http2")]
+impl<B> Http2ClientService<B> {
+    /// Constructs a new HTTP/2 client service from a Hyper `SendRequest`.
+    ///
+    /// Typically you won't call this directly; instead, use [`Http2Connect`] to
+    /// establish connections and produce this service.
+    pub fn new(tx: hyper::client::conn::http2::SendRequest<B>) -> Self {
+        Self { tx }
+    }
+
+    /// Checks if the connection side has been closed.
+    pub fn is_closed(&self) -> bool {
+        self.tx.is_closed()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http2")]
+impl<B> Service<Request<B>> for Http2ClientService<B>
+where
+    B: hyper::body::Body + Send + 'static,
+{
+    type Response = Response<hyper::body::Incoming>;
+    type Error = hyper::Error;
+    type Future = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<Self::Response, Self::Error>> + Send>>;
+
+    fn poll_ready(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
+        self.tx.poll_ready(cx)
+    }
+
+    fn call(&mut self, req: Request<B>) -> Self::Future {
+        let fut = self.tx.send_request(req);
+        Box::pin(fut)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "http2")]
+impl<B> Clone for Http2ClientService<B> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            tx: self.tx.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/client/mod.rs b/src/client/mod.rs
index 268cadf0..290db246 100644
--- a/src/client/mod.rs
+++ b/src/client/mod.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 //! HTTP client utilities
 
+#[cfg(any(feature = "http1", feature = "http2"))]
+pub mod conn;
+
 /// Legacy implementations of `connect` module and `Client`
 #[cfg(feature = "client-legacy")]
 pub mod legacy;
diff --git a/src/client/pool/map.rs b/src/client/pool/map.rs
index 83b56480..8ff4179d 100644
--- a/src/client/pool/map.rs
+++ b/src/client/pool/map.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ where
 // impl Map
 
 impl Map<builder::StartHere, builder::StartHere> {
-    /// Create a [`Builder`] to configure a new `Map`.
+    /// Create a `Builder` to configure a new `Map`.
     pub fn builder<Dst>() -> builder::Builder<Dst, builder::WantsKeyer, builder::WantsServiceMaker>
     {
         builder::Builder::new()